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packages:manage [2014/01/02 03:01] admin [/etc/apt/sources.list.d] |
packages:manage [2014/02/27 11:33] admin [Get more information about a package] |
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| - | ====== Adding a Repo(sitory) to Your Sources ====== | + | ====== Managing Packages ====== |
| + | Useful information about managing packages can be found [[http://newbiedoc.sourceforge.net/tutorials/apt-get-intro/info.html.en|in the Source Forge newbie documentation]]. | ||
| - | ==== Package Management ==== | + | Here are a few commands that might come handy whenever you seek information about [installed] packages on your system: |
| + | |||
| + | ==== Updating package list from sources ==== | ||
| + | One thing you always need to do before working with packages on your system, is **make sure your package list is up-to-date**, this is achieved by using this command: | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | sudo apt-get update | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | This will simply update your package list information, it won't install or modify anything further, so it is safe to run anytime. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Search the package descriptions you've downloaded ==== | ||
| + | apt-cache only knows about the **package descriptions you've already downloaded**, to search among **ALL** known Debian packages you need to browse to [[http://packages.debian.org/]] to see what's available. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Example: getting information about php | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | sudo apt-cache search php5 | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Get more information about a package ==== | ||
| + | To display what a package is designed to do, use: | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | apt-cache show php5-dev | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Get versionning information ==== | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | apt-cache policy <package> | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | ==== List all installed packages ==== | ||
| + | To show **what packages are installed** on your system, and know if they need configuration use: | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | sudo dpkg -l | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | You can limit the output using grep: | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | sudo dpkg -l | grep php | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | **NOTE** dpkg -l can be use with the \* or '*' argument to also list uninstalled packages: | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | sudo dpkg -l \* | ||
| + | sudo dpkg -l \*php\* | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | This is equivalent to: | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | sudo dpkg -l '*' | ||
| + | sudo dpkg -l '*php*' | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | This will let you know what packages are installed (ii), uninstalled (un) or are marked to be purged (pn). | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Find what package a specific file does come from ==== | ||
| + | Here's how to find which package contains/supplies a certain file: | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | sudo dpkg -S postmaster | ||
| + | sudo dpkg -S 'doc/*sql' | cut -f1 -d: | sort -u | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | ===== Adding a Repo(sitory) to Your Sources ===== | ||
| + | ==== Package Repositories ==== | ||
| Debian and Debian based distributions (Linspire, Xandros, Ubuntu, and Mepis to name a few) use a tool called APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) to manage all software on the system. The term "package" refers to an individual file with a .deb extension that contains either all or part of an application. | Debian and Debian based distributions (Linspire, Xandros, Ubuntu, and Mepis to name a few) use a tool called APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) to manage all software on the system. The term "package" refers to an individual file with a .deb extension that contains either all or part of an application. | ||
| Line 8: | Line 66: | ||
| Linux Mint Debian Edition comes with some default repositories that are already setup, but these contain only a portion of the freely available software out there waiting for you. | Linux Mint Debian Edition comes with some default repositories that are already setup, but these contain only a portion of the freely available software out there waiting for you. | ||
| + | ==== Choosing a Mirror ==== | ||
| + | <wrap todo>TO BE COMPLETED</wrap> | ||
| ==== /etc/apt/sources.list ==== | ==== /etc/apt/sources.list ==== | ||
| Line 33: | Line 93: | ||
| ==== Source Packages ==== | ==== Source Packages ==== | ||
| - | No all repos provide source packages, if a repo only provides .deb packages, omit the second line (deb-src) when adding the repo to your sources. Otherwise, apt-get update will stop with an error of type: | + | Not all repos provide source packages, if a repo only provides .deb packages, omit the second line (deb-src) when adding the repo to your sources. Otherwise, apt-get update will stop with an error of type: |
| <code> | <code> | ||
| - | Failed to fetch http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/dists/wheezy/InRelease | + | Failed to fetch http://download.myrepo.org/repository/debian/dists/wheezy/InRelease |
| Unable to find expected entry 'contrib/source/Sources' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file) | Unable to find expected entry 'contrib/source/Sources' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file) | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| Line 55: | Line 115: | ||
| <code> | <code> | ||
| - | sudo add-apt-repository deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian wheezy contrib | + | sudo add-apt-repository deb http://download.myrepo.org/repository/debian wheezy contrib |
| </code> | </code> | ||
| Line 62: | Line 122: | ||
| sudo apt-get install python-software-properties | sudo apt-get install python-software-properties | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| - | ==== Package / Software Managers ==== | + | ===== Package / Software Managers ===== |
| + | <wrap todo>TO BE COMPLETED</wrap> | ||
