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packages:manage [2014/01/02 02:30] admin [All-in-one Operation] |
packages:manage [2015/11/22 03:33] admin [Find what package a specific file does come from] |
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- | ====== Adding a Repo(sitory) to Your Sources ====== | + | ====== Managing Packages ====== |
+ | Useful information about managing packages can be found [[http://newbiedoc.sourceforge.net/tutorials/apt-get-intro/info.html.en|in the Source Forge newbie documentation]]. | ||
- | ==== Package Management ==== | + | Here are a few commands that might come handy whenever you seek information about [installed] packages on your system: |
+ | |||
+ | ==== Updating package list from sources ==== | ||
+ | One thing you always need to do before working with packages on your system, is **make sure your package list is up-to-date**, this is achieved by using this command: | ||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | sudo apt-get update | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | This will simply update your package list information, it won't install or modify anything further, so it is safe to run anytime. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Search the package descriptions you've downloaded ==== | ||
+ | apt-cache only knows about the **package descriptions you've already downloaded**, to search among **ALL** known Debian packages you need to browse to [[http://packages.debian.org/]] to see what's available. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example: getting information about php | ||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | sudo apt-cache search php5 | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Get more information about a package ==== | ||
+ | To display what a package is designed to do, use: | ||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | apt-cache show php5-dev | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Get versionning information ==== | ||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | apt-cache policy <package> | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | ==== List all installed packages ==== | ||
+ | To show **what packages are installed** on your system, and know if they need configuration use: | ||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | sudo dpkg -l | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | You can limit the output using grep: | ||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | sudo dpkg -l | grep php | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | **NOTE** dpkg -l can be use with the \* or '*' argument to also list uninstalled packages: | ||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | sudo dpkg -l \* | ||
+ | sudo dpkg -l \*php\* | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | This is equivalent to: | ||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | sudo dpkg -l '*' | ||
+ | sudo dpkg -l '*php*' | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | This will let you know what packages are installed (ii), uninstalled (un) or are marked to be purged (pn). | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Find what package a specific file does come from ==== | ||
+ | Here's how to find which package contains/supplies a certain file: | ||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | sudo dpkg -S postmaster | ||
+ | sudo dpkg -S 'doc/*sql' | cut -f1 -d: | sort -u | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Removing an Installed Package ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | To completely remove an already installed package: | ||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | > apt-get --purge remove <package> | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | ===== Adding a Repo(sitory) to Your Sources ===== | ||
+ | ==== Package Repositories ==== | ||
Debian and Debian based distributions (Linspire, Xandros, Ubuntu, and Mepis to name a few) use a tool called APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) to manage all software on the system. The term "package" refers to an individual file with a .deb extension that contains either all or part of an application. | Debian and Debian based distributions (Linspire, Xandros, Ubuntu, and Mepis to name a few) use a tool called APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) to manage all software on the system. The term "package" refers to an individual file with a .deb extension that contains either all or part of an application. | ||
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Linux Mint Debian Edition comes with some default repositories that are already setup, but these contain only a portion of the freely available software out there waiting for you. | Linux Mint Debian Edition comes with some default repositories that are already setup, but these contain only a portion of the freely available software out there waiting for you. | ||
+ | ==== Choosing a Mirror ==== | ||
+ | <wrap todo>TO BE COMPLETED</wrap> | ||
==== /etc/apt/sources.list ==== | ==== /etc/apt/sources.list ==== | ||
- | The /etc/apt/sources.list file contains the details for each available software repository. This file can either be edited manually or it can be modified by using a graphical manager. Examples for both are provided below. All entries in the sources.list file follow a format with 4 distinct regions: package type, web address (URL), distribution, and section(s). One or more sections can be included. | + | The// /etc/apt/sources.list/// file contains the details for each available software repository. This file can either be edited manually or it can be modified by using a graphical manager. Examples for both are provided below. All entries in the sources.list file follow a format with 4 distinct regions: package type, web address (URL), distribution, and section(s). One or more sections can be included. |
<code> | <code> | ||
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</code> | </code> | ||
+ | ==== /etc/apt/sources.list.d ==== | ||
+ | In case you do not want to "pollute" your sources.list file with third-parties repos, you can also create a new file in the// etc/apt/sources.list.d// repository. Creating a file with a .list extension and adding the repo's reference there will also add it to your sources list: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/new-repo.list | ||
+ | ----- | ||
+ | deb http://download.myrepo.org/repository/debian wheezy contrib non-free | ||
+ | deb-src http://download.myrepo.org/repository/debian wheezy contrib non-free | ||
+ | ----- | ||
+ | CTRL-x > Y (exit nano and save file) | ||
+ | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Source Packages ==== | ||
+ | Not all repos provide source packages, if a repo only provides .deb packages, omit the second line (deb-src) when adding the repo to your sources. Otherwise, apt-get update will stop with an error of type: | ||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | Failed to fetch http://download.myrepo.org/repository/debian/dists/wheezy/InRelease | ||
+ | Unable to find expected entry 'contrib/source/Sources' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file) | ||
+ | </code> | ||
==== Signing Keys ==== | ==== Signing Keys ==== | ||
Most of the "serious" complementary repositories, will require you to install a signing key to allow secured identification of the repositories. This is done through first downloading the key provided by the repo, then issuing a command of type: | Most of the "serious" complementary repositories, will require you to install a signing key to allow secured identification of the repositories. This is done through first downloading the key provided by the repo, then issuing a command of type: | ||
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</code> | </code> | ||
+ | Or you could combine downloading the key and registering it: | ||
+ | <code> | ||
+ | wget -q http://download.myrepo.org/repo/secure_key.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add - | ||
+ | </code> | ||
==== All-in-one Operation ==== | ==== All-in-one Operation ==== | ||
<wrap important> | <wrap important> | ||
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<code> | <code> | ||
- | sudo add-apt-repository deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian wheezy contrib | + | sudo add-apt-repository deb http://download.myrepo.org/repository/debian wheezy contrib |
</code> | </code> | ||
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sudo apt-get install python-software-properties | sudo apt-get install python-software-properties | ||
</code> | </code> | ||
- | ==== Package / Software Managers ==== | + | ===== Package / Software Managers ===== |
+ | <wrap todo>TO BE COMPLETED</wrap> | ||