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====== Differences ====== This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
| Both sides previous revision Previous revision Next revision | Previous revision | ||
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packages:git [2014/05/30 00:08] admin [Server Side Install] |
packages:git [2015/05/24 18:45] (current) admin [Creating Your Local git Copy] |
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| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
| ---- | ---- | ||
| <code> | <code> | ||
| - | sudo apt-get update | + | > sudo apt-get update |
| - | sudo apt-get install git | + | > sudo apt-get install git |
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Create git user and repository === | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | > sudo adduser git | ||
| + | Adding user `git' ... | ||
| + | Adding new group `git' (1001) ... | ||
| + | Adding new user `git' (1001) with group `git' ... | ||
| + | Creating home directory `/home/git' ... | ||
| + | Copying files from `/etc/skel' ... | ||
| + | Enter new UNIX password: | ||
| + | Retype new UNIX password: | ||
| + | passwd: password updated successfully | ||
| + | Changing the user information for git | ||
| + | Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default | ||
| + | Full Name []: | ||
| + | Room Number []: | ||
| + | Work Phone []: | ||
| + | Home Phone []: | ||
| + | Other []: | ||
| + | Is the information correct? [Y/n] Y | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| - | === Create git repository === | ||
| Create the main repository for git projects: | Create the main repository for git projects: | ||
| <code> | <code> | ||
| Line 29: | Line 49: | ||
| > cd $HOME | > cd $HOME | ||
| > mkdir <git-projects> | > mkdir <git-projects> | ||
| - | > chmod 2775 <git-projects> && cd <git-projects> | + | > chmod 2775 <git-projects> |
| </code> | </code> | ||
| Line 37: | Line 57: | ||
| > nano .profile | > nano .profile | ||
| - | ADD: | + | CHANGE: |
| # the default umask is set in /etc/profile; for setting the umask | # the default umask is set in /etc/profile; for setting the umask | ||
| # for ssh logins, install and configure the libpam-umask package. | # for ssh logins, install and configure the libpam-umask package. | ||
| umask 0002 | umask 0002 | ||
| - | |||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The umask controls the default file creation permissions, 0002 means files will have 664 and directories 775. Setting this, by editing the umask line in **/etc/profile** in our case, means files created by one user will be writable by other users in the git group without needing to chmod them. | ||
| + | |||
| + | This solution was inspired by [[http://serverfault.com/questions/6895/whats-the-best-way-of-handling-permissions-for-apache2s-user-www-data-in-var|this post on serverfault.com]]. | ||
| === Add shell users === | === Add shell users === | ||
| + | Create gitusers, members of the git group and having **/home/git** as home | ||
| <code> | <code> | ||
| > sudo adduser <gituser> | > sudo adduser <gituser> | ||
| > sudo passwd <gituser> | > sudo passwd <gituser> | ||
| > sudo usermod -a -G git <gituser> | > sudo usermod -a -G git <gituser> | ||
| + | > sudo usermod -d /home/git <gituser> | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| + | === Using RSA keys for login === | ||
| + | To avoid having to enter a password each time the <gituser> logs in to the server, we'll register it's public RSA id key into the **.ssh/authorized_keys** file: | ||
| + | First you'll have to receive the public from each one of your intended users. The public key of a user generally resides in a pair of files, under your **$HOME/.ssh** directory, named something and something.pub, where the something is usually id_dsa or id_rsa. The .pub file is your public key, and the other file is your private key. If you don’t have these files (or you don’t even have a .ssh directory), you can create them by running a program called ssh-keygen, which is provided with the SSH package on Linux/Mac systems and comes with the MSysGit package on Windows: | ||
| - | Login to server | + | To create a new pair of keys (on your local machine): |
| - | > ssh jcarlosd_los_ssh@ks307771.kimsufi.com | + | <code> |
| - | > mkdir private/website.git | + | > mkdir $HOME/.ssh |
| - | > cd private/website.git | + | > cd $HOME/.ssh |
| + | > ssh-keygen | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Then copy the content of the **$HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub** file to the **/home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys** file on the server. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The user should now be able to login to the server using ssh without having to enter a password. | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| + | ==== Creating a Shared git Project Repository ==== | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| + | Login to the server and init a bare repository: | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | > ssh <gituser>@my.server.tld | ||
| + | > cd /home/git/<git-projects> | ||
| + | > mkdir <project-name.git> | ||
| + | > cd <project-name.git> | ||
| > git init --bare | > git init --bare | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Create hooks === | ||
| + | git automates execution of shell scripts before or after execution of specified operations, have a look inside your project's "bare" git repository, and look at what's inside the <project-name.git>/hooks directory... | ||
| + | |||
| + | An example of what can be achieved using these scripts is to checkout the latest committed version to a specific directory right after each commit: | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| > nano hooks/post-receive | > nano hooks/post-receive | ||
| + | WRITE: | ||
| #!/bin/sh | #!/bin/sh | ||
| - | GIT_WORK_TREE=/var/www/www.lundiosoleil.com/web git checkout -f | + | GIT_WORK_TREE=/var/www/www.mysite.com/web git checkout -f |
| > chmod +x hooks/post-receive | > chmod +x hooks/post-receive | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| + | ==== Creating Your Local git Copy ==== | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| - | ON WORKSTATION | + | <code> |
| - | + | > cd /home/<username>/path/to/project | |
| - | > cd /Users/thibaut/Documents/apache2/MAMP_htdocs/osoleil | + | |
| > git init | > git init | ||
| - | > git remote add web jcarlosd_los_ssh@www.lundiosoleil.com:/var/www/www.lundiosoleil.com/private/website.git | + | > git remote add <staging> <gituser>@my.server.tld:/home/git/<git-projects>/<project-name.git> |
| - | > git add file1 file2 dir/* | + | > git add <file1> <file2> <dir/*> |
| - | > git commit -m "Initial commit" | + | > git commit -m <"Initial commit"> |
| - | > git push web +master:refs/heads/master | + | > git push <staging> +master:refs/heads/master |
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | To update an existing remote: | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | > git remote set-url <staging> <gituser>@my.newserver.tld:/home/git/<git-projects>/<project-name.git> | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ---- | ||
| ==== Useful Git Commands ==== | ==== Useful Git Commands ==== | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| It isn't in the scope of this article to help you learn Git, although here are a few commands that prove themselves useful in the course of my development experience | It isn't in the scope of this article to help you learn Git, although here are a few commands that prove themselves useful in the course of my development experience | ||
| <wrap todo>TO BE COMPLETED</wrap> | <wrap todo>TO BE COMPLETED</wrap> | ||
