os:minibian [RasPi Journeys]

====== Differences ====== This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- os:minibian [2016/05/21 04:54]
admin
+++ os:minibian [2016/07/19 04:36]
admin [MINIBIAN]
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 The //standard// OS for the Raspberry Pi certainly is [[https://www.raspbian.org/|Raspbian]], since it is the Foundation’s official supported operating system.
-Although it allows anyone to get their RasPi up and running in no time and without a hassle, one must not forget that it's also a tool that was developed in a defined philosophy. As stated by [[https://minibianpi.wordpress.com/2013/07/04/minibian-minimal-raspbian-image-for-raspberry-pi/|MINIBIAN's creator Luca Soltoggio]], //**the [Raspberry Pi] project was born primarily to provide a low cost computer in education and in the countries in the developing world**//. This is perfectly fine, and following this logic it's perfectly understandable that since the Jessie version of Raspbian, it boots straight into the desktop GUI (version 3 of GTK+ / LXDE), see [[https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspbian-jessie-is-here/|this raspberry.org article]] which clearly states the //philosophy// that lies behind the Raspbian releases.
+Although it allows anyone to get their RasPi up and running in no time and without a hassle, one must not forget that it's also a tool that was developed in a defined philosophy. As stated by [[https://minibianpi.wordpress.com/2013/07/04/minibian-minimal-raspbian-image-for-raspberry-pi/|MINIBIAN's creator Luca Soltoggio]]:
-What the Pi's project founders probably didn't imagine is the fact that their creation would also become **a perfect tool for many makers across the world**, who would be able to use it as a powerful, flexible and low cost **embedded system**.
+> the [Raspberry Pi] project was born primarily to provide a low cost computer in education and in the countries in the developing world.
+This is perfectly fine, and following this logic it's perfectly understandable that since the Jessie version of Raspbian, it boots straight into the desktop GUI (version 3 of GTK+ / LXDE), see [[https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspbian-jessie-is-here/|this raspberry.org article]] which clearly states the //philosophy// that lies behind the Raspbian releases.
+What the Pi's project founders probably didn't imagine is the fact that their creation would also become
+> a perfect tool for many makers across the world, who would be able to use it as a powerful, flexible and low cost **embedded system**.
 And there lies an enormous difference in expectations!
@@ Line 18: / Line 23: @@
 ===== Installation =====
-First we'll need to download the MINIBIAN image, which you is available from [[https://sourceforge.net/projects/minibian/|sourceforge.net]] or using this [[http://188.226.145.236/2016-03-12-jessie-minibian.tar.gz.torrent|torrent file]].
+First we'll need to download the MINIBIAN image, which is available from [[https://sourceforge.net/projects/minibian/|sourceforge.net]] or using this [[http://188.226.145.236/2016-03-12-jessie-minibian.tar.gz.torrent|torrent file]].
+==== Checksum ====
+I won't start a discussion about the need of being careful about security, all I will say is that it is **highly recommended** to verify the authenticity of your downloaded file. This can easily be done by verifying it's checksum available on the official [[https://minibianpi.wordpress.com/download/|MINIBIAN download page]]
+<Code:bash |Verify the sha1 checksum of your download:>
+> sha1sum /path/to/your/minibian/yyyy-mm-dd-jessie-minibian.tar.gz
+</Code>
+Compare this with the value given [[https://minibianpi.wordpress.com/download/|on the Minibian download page]]
+==== Setup ====
+We'll now follow the setup procedure that's recommended on [[http://elinux.org/RPi_Easy_SD_Card_Setup#Using_the_Linux_command_line|elinux.org]]:
+<Code:bash>
+> cd /path/to/your/minibian/
+> tar xvf yyyy-mm-dd-jessie-minibian.tar.gz
+</Code>
+Now identify the SD Card you want to use. Run the ''lsblk'' command once //**before**// you insert your SD Card into a card reader port, on once //**after**//, the difference in output should clearly show you the identification of the SD Card:
+<Code:bash | Before the SD Card is inserted:>
+> lsblk
+NAME          MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
+sda             8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk
+├─sda1          8:1    0     2G  0 part [SWAP]
+├─sda2          8:2    0    20G  0 part /
+└─sda3          8:3    0 909.5G  0 part
+  ├─vg01-opt  254:0    0    20G  0 lvm  /opt
+  └─vg01-home 254:1    0 889.5G  0 lvm  /home
+sr0            11:0    1  1024M  0 rom
+</Code>
+<Code:bash | After the SD Card is inserted:>
+> lsblk
+NAME          MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
+sda             8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk
+├─sda1          8:1    0     2G  0 part [SWAP]
+├─sda2          8:2    0    20G  0 part /
+└─sda3          8:3    0 909.5G  0 part
+  ├─vg01-opt  254:0    0    20G  0 lvm  /opt
+  └─vg01-home 254:1    0 889.5G  0 lvm  /home
+sr0            11:0    1  1024M  0 rom
+mmcblk0       179:0    0  14.7G  0 disk
+├─mmcblk0p1   179:1    0   1.1G  0 part
+├─mmcblk0p2   179:2    0     1K  0 part
+├─mmcblk0p5   179:5    0    32M  0 part
+├─mmcblk0p6   179:6    0    63M  0 part
+└─mmcblk0p7   179:7    0  13.4G  0 part
+</Code>
+In this case our target will be ''/dev/mmcblk0''. Now we make sure all its partitions are unmounted and copy our image file to the SD Card (in this case, monitoring the dd progress through ''pv''):
+<Code:bash |Copy the img file to the SD Card>
+> sudo umount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /dev/mmcblk0p2 /dev/mmcblk0p5 /dev/mmcblk0p6 /dev/mmcblk0p7
+> sudo dd bs=4M if=yyyy-mm-dd-jessie-minibian.img | pv | dd of=/dev/mmcblk0
++1 records in[3.95MiB/s] [                                                                                            <=>           ]
++1 records out
+832569344 bytes (833 MB) copied, 356.034 s, 2.3 MB/s
+MiB 0:05:56 [2.23MiB/s] [                                                                                          <=>             ]
+1626112+0 records in
+1626112+0 records out
+832569344 bytes (833 MB) copied, 359.634 s, 2.3 MB/s
+</Code>
+Note: remove the ''| pv |'' pipe part of the code if you don't wish to monitor the dd progress.
+Finally, let's safely eject the card using ''sync'' to ensure the write cache is flushed and that it is safe to unmount the SD card:
+<Code:bash |Safely eject the SD Card>
+> sudo sync
+</Code>
+===== Resize the SD Partition =====
+To use the full space available on the SD card, we'll need to extend the initial Minibian partition size, this operation is detailed on [[https://minibianpi.wordpress.com/how-to/resize-sd/|the following page of the Minibian website]]
+<Code:bash |Using fdisk to resize the SD partition size:>
+> sudo fdisk /dev/mmcblk0
+Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.25.2).
+Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
+Be careful before using the write command.
+Command (m for help): p
+Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 14.7 GiB, 15716057088 bytes, 30695424 sectors
+Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
+Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
+I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
+Disklabel type: dos
+Disk identifier: 0x00000000
+Device         Boot  Start     End Sectors  Size Id Type
+/dev/mmcblk0p1          16  125055  125040 61.1M  b W95 FAT32
+/dev/mmcblk0p2      125056 1626111 1501056  733M 83 Linux
+Command (m for help): d
+Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
+Partition 2 has been deleted.
+Command (m for help): n
+Partition type
+   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
+   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
+Select (default p): p
+Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
+First sector (125056-30695423, default 126976): 125056
+Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (125056-30695423, default 30695423): 30695423
+Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 14.6 GiB.
+Command (m for help): w
+The partition table has been altered.
+Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
+Syncing disks.
+</Code>
+To complete the operation, we still have to effectively enlarge the file system for it to take up he available complementary partition space:
+<Code:bash |Enlarge the File System to the full partition size:>
+> sudo e2fsck -f /dev/mmcblk0p2
+e2fsck 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
+Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
+Pass 2: Checking directory structure
+Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
+Pass 4: Checking reference counts
+Pass 5: Checking group summary information
+/dev/mmcblk0p2: 15631/46944 files (0.2% non-contiguous), 120088/187512 blocks
+> sudo resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p2
+resize2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
+Resizing the filesystem on /dev/mmcblk0p2 to 3821296 (4k) blocks.
+The filesystem on /dev/mmcblk0p2 is now 3821296 (4k) blocks long.
+</Code>
+===== Startup Your RasPi =====
+Insert the SD Card in the RasPi and power it...
+If you're using a model 3 Pi, you might experience an error reported at startup looking like:
+<Code:bash |Startup log error:>
+cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain
+...
+cfg80211: Exceeded CRDA call max attempts. Not calling CRDA.
+</Code>
+This seems to be because the CRDA package is not installed by default, installing the following seems to fix this:
+<Code:bash |Install crda & wireless packages>
+> apt-get install crda iw wireless-regdb
+> reboot
+</Code>
+=== Transfer your SSH public key ===
+Now is a good time to transfer your ''~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub'' key to the RasPi so you'll be able to SSH in without having to enter a password every time, from your workstation type:
+<Code:bash |Transfer your SSH public key:>
+> ssh-copy-id root@you.mini.bian.ip
+</Code>
+The IP of your installation is displayed in red during the boot sequence.
+===== WiFi =====
+**NOTE**: the following is based on RasPi 3 model experimentation, you might need to install some specific packages for your hardware.
+In order to enable Wifi and Bluetooth on the new Raspberry Pi 3, one need to install some complementary packages as follow:
+<Code:bash |Install WiFi & Bluetooth packages:>
+> apt-get update
+> apt-get install firmware-brcm80211 pi-bluetooth wpasupplicant wireless-tools
+</Code>
+To configure and use the WiFi network, you can scan for available SSIDs using:
+<Code:bash |Scan available WiFi networks>
+> iwlist scan
+Cell 02 - Address: 30:91:8F:15:C7:F7
+  Channel:8
+  Frequency:2.447 GHz (Channel 8)
+  Quality=36/70  Signal level=-74 dBm
+  Encryption key:on
+  ESSID:"My-WiFi-SSID"
+  Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
+Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
+  Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s
+  Mode:Master
+  Extra:tsf=0000000000000000
+  Extra: Last beacon: 70ms ago
+  IE: Unknown: 0007444D5F62626F78
+  IE: Unknown: 010882848B962430486C
+  IE: Unknown: 030108
+  IE: Unknown: 2A0100
+  IE: Unknown: 2F0100
+  IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
+      Group Cipher : CCMP
+      Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
+      Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
+  IE: Unknown: 32040C121860
+  IE: Unknown: 2D1A1C1......000000
+  IE: Unknown: 3D16080......000000
+  IE: Unknown: 7F08040......0000040
+  IE: Unknown: DDAB005......000120
+  IE: Unknown: DD09001......0C0000
+  IE: Unknown: DD18005......322F00
+</Code>
+You still need to modify 2 files:
+<Code:bash |/etc/network/interfaces>
+> nano /etc/network/interfaces
+</Code>
+<Code:bash |/etc/network/interfaces>
+...
+allow-hotplug wlan0
+iface wlan0 inet manual
+  wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
+</Code>
+<Code:bash |/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf>
+> nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
+</Code>
+<Code:bash linenums:1|/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf>
+network={
+  ssid="YourSSID"
+  psk="YourPassword"
+}
+</Code>
+Here, we use the ''manual'' setting with ''wpa-roam'', this [[http://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/9257/whats-the-difference-between-wpa-roam-and-wpa-conf-in-the-etc-network-inte|stackexchange thread]] seems to imply that this configuration should suspend the WiFi when the Ethernet cable is plugged and vice-versa.
+On the contrary, using ''manual'' with ''wpa-roam'',  (this hasn't been tested by myself).
+Nevertheless, using the above settings had **both WiFi and Ethernet** activated at the same time.
+There is more to learn in this article about [[http://manual.aptosid.com/en/inet-setup-en.htm|Setting up for WiFi Roaming with wpa]].
+===== Bluetooth =====